Background: The hair goat of Anatolia is a breed that has adapted to rugged and mountainous areas and is known to be very resistant to diseases. As the world faces the problem of climate change, we believe that knowing the hematological characteristics of hair GOATS will provide great benefits for goat breeding.Objectives: This study was performed to determine possible differences in the blood parameters of adult (male and female) hair GOATS during and out of the breeding season.Methods: For this purpose, blood samples were taken from clinically healthy adult male and female hair GOATS (n=36, 3-4 years old) in the spring and autumn seasons. Regarding the whole blood, white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), mean red blood cell volume (MCV), mean red blood cell hemoglobin (MCH), average red blood cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and red blood cell distribution width (RDW) values were determined. Results: In the study, MCV values in males were not significantly (P≥0.05) different between spring and autumn, while all other parameters showed significant differences (P≤0.05). In females, WBC, RBC, Hb, Hct, and RDW blood values were higher in the autumn (estrus period) than in the spring (anestrus period), and the differences were found to be significant (P≤0.05). Comparing males and females between the estrus and anestrus seasons, WBC and MCHC were found to be significantly different (P≤0.05) between males and females in May. In contrast, the difference between other parameters was not significant. In October (estrus season), the MCV value was not significantly different between males and females; however, all other parameters were significantly different (P≤0.05). Conclusion: As a result, there were significant differences in hematological parameters of hair GOATS based on gender and the breeding season.

Polioencephalomalacia is none infectious neuro degenerative disease that affect sheep, goat, deer and cow. Polioencephalomalacia commonly occur in cattle fed ration rich in carbohydrates with little roughage that may changes microflora of rumen and impaired synthesize of thiamine (Thomson et al 2001, Boyd & Walton 1977). Polioencephalomalacia could represent a multifactoral metabolic disorder with multiple etiologies such as nutritional problem, high level of carbohydrate, water deprivation, salt intoxication, high level intake of sulfur, renal encephalopathy, amprolium and some plant such as Bracken fern and Horsetail. Probable mechanisms that may cause thiamine deficiency polioencephalomalacia in ruminant are disorder of absorption, synthesize and destruction of thiamine by thiaminase (Radostit et al 1994, Bakker et al 1980, Jeffrey et al 1994, Loew & Dunlop 1972, Olkowski 1992, Thomber et al 1979). Evidence (or theories) linking thiamine with the ruminant Polioencephalomalacia disorder include clinical response to thiamine injection in some individual (Thomson el al 2001).

Background: Meningoencephalitic listeriosis is a significant disease affecting GOATS and sheep, with potential implications for public health. This study aimed to investigate and report the occurrence, clinical manifestation, laboratory findings, and further understanding of neurolisteriosis in the goat and sheep populations in Tehran, Qazvin, and Kurdistan provinces of Iran. Methods: From 2018 to 2021, a program was implemented to monitor multiple flocks for meningoencephalitic listeriosis. Clinical manifestations of animals that showed suspected neurological signs of listeriosis (19 animals) were recorded, and necropsies were performed. Sampling of the brain tissue of infected animals was done. The specimens underwent a 'cold-enrichment' procedure, and subsequent culture and biochemical tests were conducted to confirm the presence of Listeria monocytogenes. Results: According to the clinical and bacteriological findings, 19 animals were diagnosed with neurolisteriosis. The affected animals exhibited various signs of the disease, including head deviation, head tilt, head pressing, mouthfuls, walking in circles, drooping of the ear, and unilateral hypalgesia. L. monocytogenes was isolated from brain samples of 11 animals. Conclusion: The study revealed potential indications of meningoencephalitic listeriosis in certain breeds of GOATS and sheep. Recognizing these typical signs can contribute to early detection, diagnosis, and proper management of listeriosis cases, improving welfare and health outcomes for affected animals. The results underscore the importance of strengthened disease surveillance, prevention, and control strategies.

Abstract Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic disease agent with the cats as its definitive hosts; it can infect various animals, including sheep, GOATS, cattle, and birds. Toxoplasma gondii  can cause early embryonic death, resorption, fetal death, mummification, abortion, stillbirth, and neonatal death depending on the stage of gestation. Implementing preventive measures play a significant role in controlling this disease. Six GOATS from an 80-goat industrial farm were referred to the veterinary clinic at Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz due to incidents of abortion. In this report, after conducting detailed examinations and tests, the presence of Toxoplasma gondii  was confirmed as the sole causative agent of abortion. Under the microscope, cysts of Toxoplasma gondii  were clearly observed in brain samples from the aborted fetuses. Since this disease is zoonotic, to prevent infection, humans, especially pregnant women, are advised to avoid contact with suspicious animals and  refrain from consuming unpasteurized milk and dairy products (especially goat milk), raw water, and contaminated water with cysts or parasites, as well as raw seafood.